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"The chair is of extreme antiquity, although for many centuries and indeed for thousands of years it was an appanage of state and dignity rather than an article of ordinary use.
[…]
It was not, in fact, until the 16th century that it became common anywhere.
[…]
Our knowledge of the chairs of remote antiquity is derived almost entirely from monuments, sculpture and paintings.

Source : Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, vol 5, 1911.

Scholars disagree about the ancient period when the chair was 'invented' (or, as some might say, 'discovered').

From sculptures and paintings it's known that they were in use as far back as 2,785 BC in ancient Egypt - the earliest known definitive record.

For an example of a chair from the Reign of Snefru (2543-2510 BC) see Sedan chair of Queen Hetepheres at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo (EMC)

Also see : Invention of the wheelplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigInvention of the wheel

The time and place of the invention of the wheel + axle*, as a means of making transport easier, is disputed.

The oldest indirect evidence of wheeled movement was found in the form of miniature clay wheels north of the Black Sea before 4000 B.C.,