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Wikenigma - an Encyclopedia of Unknowns Wikenigma - an Encyclopedia of the Unknown

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New articles :

  • Microsaccadesplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigMicrosaccades

    Microsacaddes (lit. trans. 'tiny pulls') are very small involuntary eye movements that are ubiquitous in mammalian vision. They've been known-about and studied since the mid 1880s.

    When fixed on any particular scene, the eyes tend to rapidly and repeatedly 'scan' the scene over a tiny range of less than 1 degree of the visual field.
  • Acrochorda (skin tags)plugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigAcrochorda (skin tags)

    "Acrochordons are 1 mm to 1 cm (rarely giant sized) papules that may or may not have stems. Their color ranges from skin color to dark brown. Although acrochordon development has been associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, obesity, pregnancy, acromegaly, aging, colonic polyps and genetic predisposition,
  • Aeroplanktonplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigAeroplankton

    The atmosphere of Earth is permanently teeming with countless numbers of microscopic organisms - including :

    * bacteria * viruses * fungi * algae * archaea * spores of mosses, fungi, etc etc. * ( and, in addition, raw DNA and RNA fragments )
  • Silicone gel (scar prevention)plugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigSilicone gel (scar prevention)

    Ths use of medical-grade silicone gel sheets to help prevent scar formation was pioneered in the 1980s. They can be used to help prevent scars from injuries and burns etc, as well as from surgery,

    The gel sheets are worn over the damaged area for a few months, and clinical trials (as well as first hand practical experience) has shown them to be very effective at preventing scar formation.
  • Risperidoneplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigRisperidone

    Risperidone, was widely approved for use in the late 1990s. Sold under the brand names Aleptan, Arketin, Diaforin, Krisp, Risperdal, Okedi and many others, it's used to treat Schizophrenia, Major Depressive Disorder, Stuttering, Tourette syndrome and sometimes Autism

    "Exact mechanism of antipsychotic action has not been fully elucidated;
  • Yang Mills framework and the 'mass gap'plugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigYang Mills framework and the 'mass gap'

    "Almost half a century ago, Yang and Mills introduced a remarkable new framework to describe elementary particles using structures that also occur in geometry. Quantum Yang-Mills theory is now the foundation of most of elementary particle theory, and its predictions have been tested at many experimental laboratories, but its mathematical foundation is still unclear.
  • Tail wagging in domestic dogsplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigTail wagging in domestic dogs

    "Tail wagging is a conspicuous behaviour in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris). Despite how much meaning humans attribute to this display, its quantitative description and evolutionary history are rarely studied.

    Source :
  • Boredomplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigBoredom

    From a scientific viewpoint, boredom is very poorly defined. Some research groups asserting that boredom is associated with very low levels of psychological 'arousal' and other asserting the opposite (i.e. boredom can induce intense agitation).
  • Nanochemistryplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigNanochemistry

    It has been known for centuries that 'particle size' can very strongly affect chemical reactions.

    At 'normal' scales, it's generally the case that the smaller the size of reactant particles, the faster the reaction progresses. This is often simply the result of increased surface area.
  • Childhood amnesiaplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigChildhood amnesia

    Childhood Amnesia refers to the inability of adults to remember events from their infancy and early childhood. Typically, most people can't accurately remember anything form their very early life - i.e. before 2yrs, and in some individuals up to 6yrs.

Recently edited articles :

  • Microsaccadesplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigMicrosaccades

    Microsacaddes (lit. trans. 'tiny pulls') are very small involuntary eye movements that are ubiquitous in mammalian vision. They've been known-about and studied since the mid 1880s.

    When fixed on any particular scene, the eyes tend to rapidly and repeatedly 'scan' the scene over a tiny range of less than 1 degree of the visual field.
  • Schizophreniaplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigSchizophrenia

    "Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior and failure to understand what is real. Common symptoms include false beliefs, unclear or confused thinking, auditory and visual hallucinations, reduced social engagement and emotional expression, and a lack of motivation."
  • Aeroplanktonplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigAeroplankton

    The atmosphere of Earth is permanently teeming with countless numbers of microscopic organisms - including :

    * bacteria * viruses * fungi * algae * archaea * spores of mosses, fungi, etc etc. * ( and, in addition, raw DNA and RNA fragments )
  • Acrochorda (skin tags)plugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigAcrochorda (skin tags)

    "Acrochordons are 1 mm to 1 cm (rarely giant sized) papules that may or may not have stems. Their color ranges from skin color to dark brown. Although acrochordon development has been associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, obesity, pregnancy, acromegaly, aging, colonic polyps and genetic predisposition,
  • Influenza seasonalityplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigInfluenza seasonality

    The incidence of Influenza ('flu) is tightly linked to the seasons. In temperate climates the disease exists at low levels during the warmer Summer months, and then dramatically peaks during the Winter.

    The reasons for this 'seasonality' have been examined and discussed at length for more than a century.
  • Valproateplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigValproate

    "Valproate (VPA) and its valproic acid, sodium valproate, and valproate semisodium forms are medications primarily used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder and prevent migraine headaches. They are useful for the prevention of seizures in those with absence seizures, partial seizures, and generalized seizures. They can be given intravenously or by mouth, and the tablet forms exist in both long- and short-acting formulations.
  • Appetite Regulationplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigAppetite Regulation

    Very extensive research, over many decades, has identified a number of biochemical routes that can influence appetite in humans.

    For an overview, see: Mechanisms of Appetite Regulation Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 51():p S123-S124,

    In particular, the so called 'hunger hormones'
  • 'Frozen shoulder'plugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_big'Frozen shoulder'

    Frozen Shoulder ( technical name : Adhesive capsulitis ) is a condition which causes severe pain and restricted movement of the shoulder joint. The pain is caused by abnormalities and hardening of the collagen in the tissues of the shoulder capsule joint.
  • Risperidoneplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigRisperidone

    Risperidone, was widely approved for use in the late 1990s. Sold under the brand names Aleptan, Arketin, Diaforin, Krisp, Risperdal, Okedi and many others, it's used to treat Schizophrenia, Major Depressive Disorder, Stuttering, Tourette syndrome and sometimes Autism

    "Exact mechanism of antipsychotic action has not been fully elucidated;
  • Stutteringplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigStuttering

    Stuttering, estimated to affect 55 million people worldwide, is defined as :

    "- a disruption in the fluency of verbal expression characterized by involuntary, audible or silent, repetitions or prolongations of sounds or syllables"

    Source :
  • Yang Mills framework and the 'mass gap'plugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigYang Mills framework and the 'mass gap'

    "Almost half a century ago, Yang and Mills introduced a remarkable new framework to describe elementary particles using structures that also occur in geometry. Quantum Yang-Mills theory is now the foundation of most of elementary particle theory, and its predictions have been tested at many experimental laboratories, but its mathematical foundation is still unclear.
  • Toxoplasmosisplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigToxoplasmosis

    Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by infections of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii.

    It is extremely widespread in the human population. Infection rates vary in various regions of the world - but it's currently estimated that about 40 - 60% of the global human population permanently hosts the parasite.
  • Roanoake colony enigmaplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigRoanoake colony enigma

    In 1587, Walter Raleigh, acting on behalf of the British monarch Queen Elizabeth I, made attempts at re-establishing a permanent colony at Roanoake island (now in modern-day North Carolina and part of the Outer Banks Islands) There had been a previous attempt in 1585 which failed due to food shortages and lack of other supplies etc.
  • Oxyphil cellsplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigOxyphil cells

    Oxyphil cells are a specialised group of cells found in the ParaThyroid gland of humans (and some other mammals).

    They're not present at birth, and their numbers increase with age. They also increase in patients with chronic kidney disease.
  • Tail wagging in domestic dogsplugin-autotooltip__plain plugin-autotooltip_bigTail wagging in domestic dogs

    "Tail wagging is a conspicuous behaviour in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris). Despite how much meaning humans attribute to this display, its quantitative description and evolutionary history are rarely studied.

    Source :

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